1. Identify the source of the PostgreSQL 23505 error:The PostgreSQL 23505 error is caused by a violation of the primary key constraint. This means that a duplicate value is being inserted into a column that has been designated as a primary key.

2. Check the data that is being inserted:Using a SELECT statement, check the data that is being inserted into the table to identify any duplicate values.

SELECT * FROM table_name;

3. Update the data to remove the duplicate value:Once the duplicate value has been identified, it can be removed using an UPDATE statement.

UPDATE table_name SET column_name = 'new_value' WHERE column_name = 'duplicate_value';

4. Re-run the INSERT statement:Once the duplicate value has been removed, the INSERT statement can be re-run to insert the data into the table.

INSERT INTO table_name (column_name1, column_name2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...);

5. Use an automated database observability tool:To prevent future occurrences of the PostgreSQL 23505 error, it is recommended to use an automated database observability tool. This tool can monitor the database for any potential issues and alert the user when an issue is detected. This allows the user to quickly identify and fix any issues before they become a problem.